Over the last few years significant new oil and natural gas reserves have been discovered in East and West Africa, as well as in the Eastern Mediterranean, the Caribbean and the Asia-Pacific region. These recent discoveries have very quickly added several new countries to the ranks of the world’s oil- and gas-producing nations, and these emerging oil and gas producers have shown a strong interest in receiving advice on governance. They are keen to avoid the mistakes that have led to accountability failures in other more established producers, and which have prevented some producers from reaping the full economic benefits of their resources. The purpose of these Guidelines is to help emerging producers and the groups that advise them to think critically about the policy options that are available, and that would be most effective during the first stages of exploration and development, or during a restructuring of the country’s oil and gas sector. The goal is not to produce a complete guide to governance of the petroleum sector, but rather to offer guidance on making effective decisions about the structure and rules of the sector in an imperfect context.
Au cours des dernières années, d’importantes réserves de pétrole et de gaz naturel ont été découvertes en Afrique de l’Est et de l’Ouest, ainsi qu’à l’est du Bassin méditerranéen, dans les Caraïbes et dans la région Asie-Pacifique. Ces découvertes récentes ont vu très rapidement plusieurs pays rejoindre les rangs des nations productrices de pétrole et de gaz, et ces producteurs pétroliers et gaziers émergents ont manifesté un intérêt considérable à recevoir des conseils en matière de gouvernance. Ils ont particulièrement à cœur de comprendre les erreurs qui ont mené à un manque de responsabilisation chez d’autres producteurs plus expérimentés, et qui en ont empêché certains de récolter tous les avantages économiques de leurs ressources. L’objectif de ces Directives consiste à aider les producteurs émergents ainsi que les groupes qui les conseillent à porter un regard critique sur les options de politiques susceptibles de s’avérer plus efficaces dans le cadre des premières phases d’exploitation et de développement, ou en cas de restructuration du secteur pétrolier et gazier d’un pays. L’objectif n’est pas de produire un guide complet sur la gouvernance du secteur pétrolier, mais plutôt de proposer des conseils visant à une prise de décision efficace quant à la structure et aux règles appliquées dans un contexte imparfait.
Durante os últimos anos, foram descobertas novas reservas de petróleo e gás natural na África Oriental e Ocidental, assim como na zona Ocidental do Mediterrâneo, Caraíbas e Ásia-Pacífico. Estas recentes descobertas adicionaram muito rapidamente vários novos países às listas mundiais de nações produtoras de petróleo e gás, sendo que estes produtores de petróleo e gás emergentes demonstraram forte interesse para receberem aconselhamento sobre gestão. Pretende evitar os erros que conduziram a falhas de responsabilidade por parte de outros produtores mais estabelecidos e que impediram que alguns produtores colhessem as vantagens económicas plenas dos seus recursos. O objetivo destas Diretrizes consiste em ajudar os produtores emergentes e os grupos que os aconselham a pensar de forma crítica acerca das opções de políticas mais eficazes durante as primeiras fases de exploração e desenvolvimento, ou durante a restruturação do setor nacional de petróleo e gás. O objetivo não consiste em produzir um guia completo sobre a gestão do setor petrolífero; em vez disso, pretende-se oferecer orientações sobre como tomar decisões eficazes acerca da estrutura e das regras do setor num contexto imperfeito.
Katika miaka michache iliyopita kiasi kikubwa cha akiba mpya ya mafuta na gesi asilia kimegunduliwa katika Afrika Mashariki na Magharibi, kama vile katika Bahari ya Mashariki, Caribbean na kanda ya Asia-Pacific. Uvumbuzi huu wa hivi karibuni uliongezea kwa haraka sana nchi kadhaa mpya kwa safu ya mataifa ya kuzalisha gesi na mafuta duniani, na hawa wazalishaji wanaoibuka wa mafuta na gesi wameonyesha nia imara katika kupokea ushauri juu ya Usimamiaji bora. Wamekuwa makini kuepuka makosa ambayo yamepelekea kushindwa katika uwajibikaji miongoni mwa wazalishaji walio imara zaidi, na ambayo yamezuia wazalishaji wengine kuvuna faida kamili za kiuchumi kutoka kwa rasilmali zao. Madhumuni ya mwongozo huu ni kuwasaidia wazalishaji wanaoibuka na makundi ambayo huwashauri kufikiri kwa umakinifu kuhusu chaguo za sera ambazo zitakuwa na ufanisi zaidi katika hatua za kwanza za utafutaji na ukuzaji, au wakati wa kuunda upya sekta ya kitaifa ya mafuta na gesi. Lengo sio kutoa mwongozo kamili wa Usimamiaji wa sekta ya petroli, lakini badala yake ni kutoa mwongozo wa kufanya maamuzi ya ufanisi kuhusu muundo na sheria za sekta katika muktadha wa mazingira yasiyo kamili.
